More than five years after the first reports of the novel coronavirus, understanding of Covid-19 has changed substantially. Research and experience during the pandemic have reshaped how health experts view the virus, its effects and the measures used to respond to it.

The United States has recorded more than one million Covid-19 deaths, underscoring the pandemic’s lasting toll. That figure remains central to assessments of what happened and what public health systems learned from the crisis.

The discussion continues in Washington as well. US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. addressed Covid-19 during a Sunday interview with CNN’s Dana Bash, adding to the ongoing debate over the country’s pandemic response and its evolving understanding of the disease.

Taken together, the developments since the earliest cases show how knowledge about Covid-19 has been revised as new evidence emerged and the world moved beyond the initial emergency phase.