A malaria vaccine is bringing new hope in Africa, where the disease has long been one of the deadliest threats to young children. The story of a 9-month-old child who has not fallen ill points to the promise of prevention in places where malaria has sickened millions for decades.

But the vaccine effort has a weak spot: the fourth dose. Health programs have found it difficult to get parents to return with their children for the final booster, raising concerns about how much protection kids may keep if the full schedule is not completed.

The problem shows that success is not only about having a vaccine available. It also depends on whether families can follow through on every recommended shot, especially when protection relies on multiple doses over time.

Even with that challenge, the vaccine remains an important step in the fight against malaria in Africa. The next hurdle is making sure more children receive the full course, including the crucial last dose.